Friday, February 27, 2015

PIA CABIN CREW FORCED TO USE ROAD TRANSPORT

PIA seems to Amaze People with its Mismanagement under the Current government of PM Nawaz Sharif a man with His Rags to Riches story being part of Punjabi Establishment, he an Immigrant from Amritsar India and settling in Lahore with nothing in Assets and now a Multi Billionaire after His 3 Stints as PM Pakistan.

PM Nawaz and Shujat Azeem 


This Man seems to forget he is accountable to People of Pakistan who has voted him in Power and his Treatment of Peshawar and Pashtuns is both insulting and degrading, after his Tales of Corruption and Mishandling of Airline in Deliberate Manner so that he can buy it as his Airline .

Management of Shujat Azeem a Retired Pakistan Air force Officer as PIA Head

It is shocking that, he is treating the PIA Female cabin Crew from Peshawar, who Operates flights, employees in Insulting and degrading Manner that his Higher Management hand picked and selected by Nawaz Sharif and Famous Shujat Azeem is one such Guy who is running PIA . 

Shujaat Azim is a dual national, as he holds Canadian nationality also besides he was court-martialed in the past from Pakistan Air force disgracefully. 

Court Martialed Air Force officer 


Management of PIA is forcing the cabin crew of Peshawar base to travel in Daewoo Buses on road, on duty and in uniform then asking the Female cabin crew to Pay the Ticket of Public Transport from their own pockets while they are getting the Meager salary of 20,000 Rupees.

Most of female Cabin Crew was seen recently traveling in Daewoo Buss from Rawalpindi to Peshawar and this is has been Happening for last one Year the whole 2014.

Once Mr. Mohsin Shah asked Mr Beenish one of Cabin Crew from Peshawar  to travel at  1 Am at night in Public while being completely Alone and in Uniform .

Management of Mohsin Shah a Tableghi with Fraudulent twist:

The Nawaz Sharif Chosen Management had selected a Person Mr. Mohsin Shah as his Manager Peshawar Base just because he is a Deobandi Tableghi with connections with Raiwind and other wise he is an Incompetent person to run the Base as he is senior Pursor in Designation and not a Proper Manager.

Female Cabin Crew PIA and Nawaz Sharif 


Mr. Mohsin Shah is even with his foot long Beard and his Connection with Deobandi Raiwind connections , he is a dishonest man and he recently had done fraudulent signatures of Jump Seat of Captain Akbar Adil operating Airbus A320 , which when later confirmed with Captain Akbar Adil was found to be Fake.

Off course PIA did not take action Against Mr. Mohsin Shah, Base In charge or did an inquiry into it, although the Authority of Jump seat is only with Captain of the flight.  

This Guy is the one who is responsible for the Movement of Cabin Crew and he with his foot long Beard and Tableghi connection is a Stupid Man.

He is either Hand in Glove with Higher Management in this Insult of Ladies by Asking the Unformed Cabin crew to Travel by Public Transport or he is doing it himself because of his Stupidity.

Insulting the Female Employee of National Carrier shamefully:

This Travel by Road is Insulting and Dangerous and violation of IATA rules and Regulations and shocking when done with Lady cabin Crew of National Carrier that is Pride of Pakistan and is symbol of Pakistan ,

If Pakistani are Muslim or they have shame in themselves they should not do this to the cabin crew who serve the National Airline.

They are the female and they should be treated with respect and even women teacher in schools and other places are treated with respect and provided with Transport as in Pakistan the condition of Public Transport are in Shambles and forcing at Night time the cabin crew to travel with their Heavy Luggage is both Degrading and Insulting and it is very strange that the Higher Management of PIA think they can get away with it and we People of Pakistan not Noticing  it , that was same reason the one of Director food and Beverages , of PIA was insulted by the cabin crew of Peshawar and they took revenge from him.

how much they are expected from the Cabin Crew who are face of Airline , and while they are treated like Shit by the Management of This Man from India Amritsar and his hand Picked Pakistan Air force officer who is Turning out to be Disgrace and derogatory,

Treating the Culprits in same Coin:

Maybe next time the Cabin Crew should take revenge from Mr. Shujat Azeem family or the daughter of Mr. Nawaz Sharif by treating them with same coin and Insulting them in the same way as they are insulting the cabin Crew of PIA and our national Pride with Shit Policies that is Laughing stock of the world .

Recently when one Director of PIA, as they are more then 15, even there is even director of Toilets in PIA laughingly and they are the ones who takes such High Salary and their Management is worse then shit.

When this Director of PIA was traveling the PIA female cabin crew from Peshawar Insulted him and ask him to change his seat deliberatively in order to teach him a Lesson.

This is warning to Higher Management of PIA, and the Ruling Politicians More such is going to come and better watch out, it is High time our hands should be on their necks soon, as these People will never learn. 

Wednesday, January 21, 2015

Crazy Policies of PMLN Governement on Staff Tickets of PIA

Recently the PMLN Governemt led by Incompetant and Stupid Governmwnt of PMLN a Punjab Based Party run by Mafia of Sharif Family who also Happens to Own the Airblue Airlines by their Front Man the Minister Khaqan Abbasi, Implemented a Tax of 2500 Rupees on Air Travel .

I had personally Visited his house before he was in Minister of Aviation and PIA , all he had in Hazara in his house, was broken beds and old furniture and now he is considered as Tycon .

This has upset the employees of Airlines like PIA who are the lowest paid in industry , compare this with shaheen Air who pay , Rupees 130,000 to its cabin crew , PIA pays , 18,000 to its cabin crew . For the same  duty .

lower Staff of PIA gets Less then , 10,000 rupees as salary and daily wagers gets 6,000 Rupees at some Placea even lower then the Pakistan standard of Lowest wages .

These Low Wages , are the reason PIA is full of corruption and employees find it hard to run their  Kitchen .

On top of this , PIA us.being Run by Handpicked Directors who come and Go on whims and wishes of Politicians who win an election and are paid about , 5,000 Rupees salary each month and with Brand new car every 3 years .

All they do is miss mannage and make PIA Bankcrupt so the , same politicians who support them can buy they Airline .

Employees salary make up only 15% of Total Budget and expenditure of Airline even when they are only 15,000 in Number and are highly trained and Professional they are treated like Dirt in PIA .

Most of MD and Directors of PIA are nothing more then PUMPs and sexual Predators , who's only favorite Pass time is Harrasing Females and asking them to sleep with them .

PIA has 15 Directors and only 20 Airplanes , while Emirates has 300 Airplanes and only 3 Directors , it is about time , the numbers of Directors and GM should be reduced to cut down the expenditure of PIA to 10% of Employees .

Reaction to Rise in Air Travel Tax:

The Recent Rise of Tax by Government on Airtravel on employees has made PIA employees who,s average salary 20,000 very upset as 2,500 on each sector means that they will have gp pay say for 2 children and 2 parents a small family of average Pakistani , about 10,000 Rupess extra or about 20,000 in total for a travel which is either once or thrice a year . 

This is more then the salary of the individual and considering these Sublow Tickets are issued Boarding Pass when the , airplane has empty seats , it is Stupid and really Un- Thinkable that how they neglected employees of PIA , who are almost working for free for National airline as now even Police constables get 30,000 salary even when he is a Metriculate .

Aviation Employees are difficult to get as their skills are not available easily and since the Aviation industry is expanding in Asia in rapid Pace and thier demand is High.

Treating them like this is both Degrading and In Human .

Call for a Strike :

PIA has many Union apart from the one that is being Run by PMLN , Airleague  ,

The other unions  Airleague they are contempleting for a strike soon in Protest of this action of Tax that is beyond their means to pay by low salary Employees .

The power Grip on employees of PIA has faded already and this has been the Last Nail in the coffin .

Recently Airleague stoped , the Promotion of Cabin crew into Group 5 who were issued Promotion Letters .

Then elections were held so that , these Cabin crew could be counted as Labour class as upto Group 4 are Labour class mostly in politically dominated Airleague PMLN and Peoples Unity of PPP and Now MQM and PTI run Unions .

The Higher Mangment of PIA  met the , Union Leaders few days backs and they were informed of general Resentment of PIA employees.

However the AirLeague PMLN  run by Retired PIA employee , Mr Shamim , in violation.of Laws of PIA has taken a lot of Bribes according to sources insiders of unions and employees.

Loosening Grip of Airleague PMLN union :

The Airleague of Nawaz Sharif run Government has already Lost Grip over the employees and PIA enployees are Thinking of some form of Protest .

The Recent Wining of case in High court of previous union of PPP has demonstrated that , those cabin Crew who were promoted to Group 5 had voted for this union of Airleague , and they were stoped for Promotion just because Airleague did not have majority in PIA employees it banked upon the Cabin Crew who were aleady Promoted in Officer Grade voted for PMLN Airleague .

This makes the union Illegal and liable for Dismissal soon according to court order , even the subsequent action like this one will be liable against it soon as court orders are issued later .

In Pakistan people don't understand the law properly , and thinking a stay order is legal protection actually it is not .

This case is very interesting and will lead to drastic measures soon .

There is a chance that a VIP might get a Insult or stopage of his Flight and making of a scene soon on PIA flight and it can happen soon and can also lead to complete wheel jam strike of PIA .

Friday, December 26, 2014

PIA HIGHER MANAGMENT INVOLVED IN PROSTITUION

                  
GM Flight Services PIA Mr Rashid H Khan 
 A Aircrew Mrs Shahzia Syed belonging to Karachi base , went to Police , complaining that the General Manager Flight crew Mr. Rashid H Khan  belonging to Lahore and Living in Malir cant Karachi , was Sending him Obscene SMS /Text Messages to her and asking her to go to bedroom of Higher officers of PIA and His friends , in Other words General Manager Flight services of PIA  was Acting as a PIMP.

As the Said lady was Honest and Lady with Character , so she went to Police and Federal Ombudsman and Shariate court of Pakistan , and also used her Rights via , the recently Promulgated women Protection Law Passed by the Pakistan Parliament under the PPP Government.

Mrs Shazia Syed was Joined accompanied by Half a Dozen other Air Line cabin crew Ladies who also claimed they had received the Obscene Text Messages and they showed it as a Proof to MD PIA coming from the phone of their Appointed GM Flight Mr.  Rashid H Khan as well.

Proof was shown to the Police and Higher Authorities of PIA who had come to point of begging a Pardon from the Cabin Crew for fear of Reprisal and bad name of PIA .

Most of GM PIA are Retired but on Extensions Violating PIA Policies 


This made a big problem for PIA management and they had to Bribe the Media to stay Silent and not Say Anything and Miss Shazia Syed and all the Ladies.

All this were tried to be settled by Pressuring the Girls with consequences to Appear before MD PIA and All the Directors along with GM Mr. Rashid H Khan .

His Service was cut Short by this Incident . 


Mr. Rashid H Khan Bended on his Knees and Begged for Forgiveness from the Ladies that he is Sorry and Admitted his fault in sending the Obscene Text Messages and PIMP activities to Pious and Ladies with Character who were being forced with threats of Being Kicked out the Job if they had not done what the PIA GM and Directors wanted.

This cause the Kind ladies to Pardon him although the matter was in front of MD PIA and he did not act Violating the Laws of PIA and Pakistan laws as Complaint had already been Filed.

Mr. Rashid H Khan was Already Retired 1 Years ago , and was on Extension and he was recently Promoted as GM without any Merit , and his PIMP like Activities to Directors of PIA although , he had retired already and he got his extension after Retirement !!!!.

Mr. Rashid H Khan got all his dues and facilities without any Inquiry being done into this Matter giving a Proof that PIA Directors and Higher Authorities and Management are acting a PIMPS and not Managers of PIA and were Involved in this Scam.

They explanation that such GM and Directors are on Extension and Getting Promotion even after they should be retired is because of such obscene and PIMP like activities .

While the sell the shifts of Flights to Traffic Staff for 4 Lakhs so that they can take Bribes from Passengers to get Personal baggage over the due limit allowed .

Most of Directors sell the flights of PIA on Lucrative sectors to Private Airlines like Shaheen Airline , Air Blue and Air Indus , while Operating Flights on Loss Making sectors they Operate PIA Flights so that Airline is Bankrupted and its share is dropped and it can be sold to Current Political leaders for low price.

These Same Directors and GM have cut down Connecting flights to Peshawar from where PIA used to Get all the International Passengers to Gulf States who were mostly from FATA and Pakhtunkhwa , and they are making them come to Islamabad to take flight of PIA , while to same Passenger the private Airlines and International Airlines offers Direct Flights from Peshawar ????? And on, Low Price.

Mr. Rashid who was Previously a Flight Steward and in PIA and was now Promoted to GM Flight Service and was on Extension , remarkably when PIA is in Loss the Directors who are 15 in  number although PIA only has less then 30 Aircraft . While in Emirates Airline there are only 3 Directors, for more 500 Aircraft !!!!!.

Apart from Directors there are twice the amount of GM more then 30  or more the exact count is not known and GM,s who are mostly on Extension violating the Policies of PIA which is Making Losses.

The Salaries of Most of Directors are more then 30- 50 Lakh while the GM take Salaries in Lakhs . if the Car and its Petrol are added to it salary Packages , every Director and GM is allowed a car and it is Gifted after every 3 Years to the Director and a New one is Purchased for them .

All this Luxury and Mind Boggling High Salaries,  while the Airline is in Loss and their Mismanagement and corruption as in News all the time.

The Number of 15 + Directors which is so much that there is a saying that, there is a “GM and Director of Toilets as well in PIA”.

According to PIA Balance sheet the Salaries of Employees is , 15% of PIA total Running Cost , and the Salaries of Directors and GM is about 7% of total cost  running cost of PIA , if PIA wants to Save some money it should seriously consider cutting down the directors to about 3 to 5 . this way it can save half the cost of employees without firing any Employees at all !!!!.

15+ Directors and 30 GM of PIA are half as expensive as current  15,000 Employees if the Perks and facilities are added and cost of their Offices and cost of Papers and Staff hired to work under them .

  While the Poor Cabin Salaries of Air crew are not Paid sometime for 6 Months in a Row, the Directors and GM,s are enjoying the Loot Sale . If PIA is in Loss why these Directors get so high Pay and none of there Salaries and Perks are ever cut off . 

This Cruelty of PIA is done so that they can make the Poor Girls of cabin crew Harassed and make them do their bidding like PIMP duties as requested by their own GM Flight Services and this is crime that is Punishable with lashes In Islam,  but in PIA it is Nature of Duties .  
For Last 6 month PIA is not Paying , any Food Money that is in US dollars for Cabin Crew who have to Eat food as Rooms are Provided In Hotels, from outside in foreign countries , because of PIMP Like Directors who are More Interested in Running  Brothels they Running PIA as Managers , they have not been Paid this Money.

Cabin crew is forced to Borrow money from Near and Dear ones to Eat food in Foreign countries or they take food from Homes already cooked for which they have to take heavy bags filled with cooked food which is banned as Per law but PIA PIMPs are forcing them to do this as they are not Paying them US dollars and Salaries for Last 6 months .

It may be noted, there are still Directors in PIA who are on Extension even after being retired and this High Number of 15 should be immediately reduced to 3 which is enough.

The Number of GM,s should also be reduced and those who have reached the retirement age should be sent home as well as the Daily wagers should be reduced.

The PIA is spending Billions on Papers while there is email system and most of employee don’t know the email system operation and are not computer literate one can save money by reducing need of Forms and other rubbish items like Vouchers paper based to claim salaries etc .

If there is a Pay role why not include All the Allowances in PAY role made on computer , and do away with useless Paper based Work that has been Abandoned 30 Year ago by the Airlines.



Sunday, September 28, 2014

PIA Detours Passenger Loads of Pashtuns by Hook or Crook to Islamabad.




Detours: Diverted flights become bane for residents of K-P, FATA

While Passenger Load of Pashtun Labour from FATA and Pakhtunkhwa is Highest in magnitude as Demonstrated by everyday Flights of Saudia , Qatar , Emirates , Ethihad , Air Arabia , and Shaheen Airlines daily one or two Flight Direct from Peshawar to gulf States and Also to Other Parts of Pakistan , PIA has only one Flight to Karachi and one to Lahore in whole week of 7 days , it is deliberatively Detouring the Load of Peshawar Airport which has more Passengers to Islamabad ( A small city of 1 Million People as compared to 100-200 Million People dependent on Peshawar Airport of FATA, Pakhtunhwa and Afghanistan as well . 

Why PIA is trying to Bankrupt itself But denying a large Population of Pashtuns and trying to deliberatively Deceive people ????? While in just year Shaheen Airline has about 40 Aircraft PIA has Shrunk to 20 in Same Year , Because of Such Policies .

Published: August 17, 2014

Officials and workers at Peshawar airport also confirmed the cancellation of flights from various foreign countries to Islamabad. STOCK PHOTO
PESHAWAR:

The miseries of residents of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Fata coming from overseas have further multiplied with the disruption of routine operations of international airlines at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto International Airport due to rallies and demonstrations in Islamabad.

Officials of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) and other airlines confirmed that several flights coming to Islamabad from the Gulf region have been diverted to Allama Iqbal International Airport during the last three days. Officials and workers at Peshawar airport also confirmed the cancellation of flights from various foreign countries to Islamabad.

Since June 24, when unidentified militants opened fire at a PIA plane landing in Peshawar, a number of international airlines had either suspended or minimised operations at Bacha Khan International Airport. Due to this, people from K-P and Fata who work in the Gulf region were being directed to Islamabad for their flights.

Passengers from the Potohar region and the rest of Punjab and Kashmir have also been affected due to the suspension of air operations. A number of Pakistanis said on social media websites that they have been stranded at international airports for hours due to the cancellation of flights to Islamabad and Lahore airports.

Published in The Express Tribune, August 17th, 2014.

SOURCE: http://tribune.com.pk/story/749658/detours-diverted-flights-become-bane-for-residents-of-k-p-fata/

Firing on Aircraft Landing at Peshawar Airport Continues but no Measure Taken by Government



A file photo of PIA aircraft. PHOTO: AFP

Why Federal Government is so Aloof to Problems of Peshawar Airport which is Always Under Attack from FR ( Semi tribal Area Governed under Article 247 ) of Pakistan constitution that Makes it a  Federal territory while it is not situated in FATA but inside the Pakhtunkhwa area but it is Governed from Islamabad FATA Secretariat which Falls Under President of Pakistan under PML-N and its is not under control of Pakhtunkhwa Police and Frontier Corps Either , as its is supposed to be Manned by Frontier Constabulary and which is sent to Islamabad to Protect the Embassies inside Diplomatic Enclave . How a Government Run by Goof both in Military and Political Establishment create a Self made Problem that can be Addressed by Putting Army or FC In These Area to Stop Aerial Firing or Making it Settled Area by a small Amendment so that it can Governed by Pakhtunkhwa Police and Police Stations can be made in  6 FR Areas . 



PESHAWAR:

A senior airport official on Saturday shot down media reports of an airliner coming under fire moments before its landing on the Bacha Khan International Airport (BKIA) on Saturday night.

Tahir Sikander, airport manager BKIA, told The Express Tribune that it was not an attack but celebratory firing in Masho Khel and Suliman Khel area on the outskirts of the city, which was mistaken as an attack by local police.

“All our aircraft are safe. It is Saturday night and it is a local tradition to celebrate by means of aerial firing,” he said, adding that such reports in media were spreading rumours.

SSP Operations Najeebur Rehman Bagvi also said that they had contacted the airport authorities and there was no such attack nor any casualty.

Earlier, news broke that a PIA airliner coming from Saudi Arabia had come under attack soon before its landing — no casualty was reported.

Local Badhaber police had reported that the aircraft was attacked from three locations simultaneously which was strongly denied by police high ups and Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

Meanwhile, ASI Hayatabad Shaukat Kamal was reported dead, while two other people were injured, when unknown miscreants opened fire at the worshippers offering prayers inside a mosque in Bar Kanady, Pir Bala.

Police said that it could be a case of terrorism and the injured had been identified as Saleem and Azizur Rehman.

Published in The Express Tribune, September 28th, 2014.

source : http://tribune.com.pk/story/768271/rumour-about-firing-all-our-planes-are-safe-says-airport-manager/

Civilain Airplanes are always Shot from Semi Tribal FR ( Frontier Regions )Under Federal Government




Why Federal Government is so Aloof to Problems of Peshawar Airport which is Always Under Attack from FR ( Semi tribal Area Governed under Article 247 ) of Pakistan constitution that Makes it a  Federal territory while it is not situated in FATA but inside the Pakhtunkhwa area but it is Governed from Islamabad FATA Secretariat which Falls Under President of Pakistan under PML-N and its is not under control of Pakhtunkhwa Police and Frontier Corps Either , as its is supposed to be Manned by Frontier Constabulary and which is sent to Islamabad to Protect the Embassies inside Diplomatic Enclave . How a Government Run by Goof both in Military and Political Establishment create a Self made Problem that can be Addressed by Putting Army or FC In These Area to Stop Aerial Firing or Making it Settled Area by a small Amendment so that it can Governed by Pakhtunkhwa Police and Thana be made in  6 FR Areas . 


By Riaz Ahmad

Published: September 1, 2014

According to details, around 9pm on Sunday the aircraft was attacked with an AK-47 rifle in the Sheikh Muhammadi area of Peshawar. PHOTO: CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY

PESHAWAR: A Russian cargo plane was attacked in the outskirt of Peshawar before it landed at the Bacha Khan International Airport late on Sunday.

According to details, around 9pm on Sunday the aircraft was attacked with an AK-47 rifle in the Sheikh Muhammadi area of Peshawar. The plane was hit by a single bullet in tail.

CCPO Ijaz Khan confirmed the report and said that there was no report of loss in the attack and the aircraft managed to land safely. He added that it was cargo plane rather than a passenger one.

Earlier on June 26, 2014, gunmen fired on Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) flight PK-756, carrying 178 passengers and crew members, as it was landing at the Bacha Khan International Airport Tuesday night, killing a woman and injuring two others, including a crew member.

source : http://tribune.com.pk/story/756354/cargo-plane-comes-under-fire-near-peshawar-airport/

Sunday, September 14, 2014

Air Blue violating Civil Aviation and IATA Laws by Taking PA as their Airline Code.

PMLN Owned Air Blue


Air blue belonging to PML Khaqan Abassi of PMLN of party of Current Prime Minister of Pakistan is Using PA – code of IATA as Identifying its Flights Operating in Pakistan as well as Abroad.

While the same IATA code PA –  Belongs to an Airline Operating in Florida called Florida Coastal Airlines which Operates flight from Florida to Bahamas and also to Guantanamo Bay  where all Al-Qaida Prisoners are Situated in Cuba . 



It also uses the same Code PA which is Abnormal as usually the IATA code cannot be duplicated and is unique to any Airline in the world regulated all around the world as seen here http://www.worldairroutes.com/FCA.html





Flight Information
A/CRegFlightRouteFlt TimeDestinations
C-402N78FCPA 1085FLL-MTH
0h45
FLL Ft Lauderdale, USA
MTH Marathon, USA
C-402N78FCPA 1086MTH-FLL0h43
MTH Marathon, USA
FLL Ft Lauderdale, USA
C-402N79FCPA 9010FPR-SAQ1h15
FPR Ft Pierce, USA
SAQ San Andros, BAHAMAS
C-402N79FCPA 9011SAQ-FPR1h24
SAQ San Andros, BAHAMAS
FPR Ft Pierce, USA
C-402N79FCPA 0043FPR-MHH1h09
FPR Ft Pierce, USA
MHH Marsh Harbour, BAHAMAS
C-402N79FCPA 1078MHH-TCB0h12
MHH Marsh Harbour, BAHAMAS
TCB Treasure Cay, BAHAMAS
C-402N79FCPA 1078TCB-FLL1h03
TCB Treasure Cay, BAHAMAS
FLL Ft Lauderdale, USA
C-402N79FCPA 1082FLL-MTH0h40
FLL Ft Lauderdale, USA


It seems to be a Mistake of Civil Aviation to Allow the usage of that code by Air blue  in Pakistan and is Illegal and should be Investigated . 






Furthermore the same Code PA of IATA used to belong to PANAM the world famous American Airlines but since it stopped its Operations may be this code was allotted to Florida coastal Airlines of USA. 





Now it is duty of Civil Aviation to stop this Fraud or Mistake I am not sure what it is and it needs to be Investigated as Air blue was  not using PA with its flights till few months back and was using ABQ code and this is the Aircraft Identifier ICAO code so this is was what was displayed on boards but now the uses PA to confuse the Passengers and to gain Undue Advantage as PA and PK of PIA looks similar and confuses the Poor Loyal customers of Pakistan to Swindle and make them travel by Air blue rather then PIA by Cunning travel Agents and off course the PMLN and Prime Minister Red Hand cannot be Ruled out.